צריכה עזרה בתרגום תקציר מאמר מאנגלית לעברית, אשמח לעזרה

Introduction:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the mucosal and potentially submucosal layers of the colonic bowel wall, characterized by a relapse-remitting pattern. Close monitoring of disease activity is one of the key strategies in treatment of UC to prevent relapse and disease progression. However, patient reported symptoms do not always reflect true inflammation. Therefore, biochemical parameters, endoscopic assessment of disease activity and cross-sectional imaging techniques contribute to the close monitoring and treatment decision process in UC. To facilitate frequent monitoring the involved modalities ideally would be non- invasive, accurate, reliable and feasible. Intestinal ultrasound (IUS), that requires no preparation, exhibits these qualities; therefore, is an appealing modality. In addition, IUS can directly visualize the bowel in a point-of-care setting, allows close follow-up and detects treatment response within the first to 6 weeks4. Furthermore, it correlates well with both endoscopic outcomes and other cross- sectional imaging techniques indicating the high accuracy of IUS. Although interest in implementing IUS is increasing, actual use is currently limited. A recent study found the assumed poor reliability and operator dependence as a predominant limiting factor. However, data on reliability of IUS and individual parameters is scarce.
Reliability depends on the variance between measurements of observers and is generally improved by clear definitions and a standardized way of scoring. For both UC and Crohns Disease (CD), multiple endoscopic scoring indices have been created and validated with moderate to good inter- observer agreement . For IUS multiple scoring indices are under development in CD and UC but none are externally validated. However, there is eminent need of a scoring index since IUS is increasingly practiced and could potentially be incorporated as an endpoint in clinical trials.